Although all studies found patients were losing weight for no apparent reason, a large intentional weight loss is almost always speaks of a serious illness. Even if the original survey did not reveal any pathology, the patient should still regularly monitor and periodically repeat the survey, as many diseases that lead to weight loss may occur for a long time hidden.
The main reasons for weight loss - it is increasing energy costs, loss of nutrients in the feces or urine, and malnutrition. These reasons may be combined. The most common cause - is malnutrition due to loss of appetite, impaired patency of the esophagus or stomach disorders patency as a result of stricture, compression or germination of malignancy. Energy costs are rising at a thyrotoxicosis, pheochromocytoma and significant physical exertion. Loss of nutrients is usually associated with glucosuria in diabetes mellitus or steatorrhea with malabsorption syndromes. The most common cause of steatorrhea - a chronic pancreatitis with alcoholism, in addition, malabsorption may accompany intestinal lymphoma, celiac disease, tumors of the islet cells (somatostatin, gastrin), radiation damage, biliary obstruction, ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease and many other diseases .
Weight loss in combination with the increased appetite often occurs in diabetes, thyrotoxicosis, and malabsorption syndromes. Leukemia, lymphoma and Hodgkin, too, sometimes accompanied by weight loss at normal or increased appetite.
Causes of weight loss in large prospective studies have not yet been studied, and five retrospective studies conducted since 1981 have included too few patients, so all their results tentative. The most likely diagnosis in young people - it's diabetes, hyperthyroidism, anorexia nervosa, and infectious diseases, especially HIV infection. Elderly significant weight loss is most often associated with malignant tumors, and in second place with a large backlog are mental illnesses such as Alzheimer's disease and depression.
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